Tkinter 打砖块游戏（Python 项目）
原文：https://www.studytonight.com/tkinter/brick-breaker-game-using-tkinter-python-project
是时候用 Python 编写一个游戏了。我们将从一个简单的打砖块游戏开始，在这个游戏中，有一个球从一个平台反弹回来打破砖墙，玩家必须通过确保球拍始终在那里将球反弹回来来保持球的前进。
游戏将有三层砖块，每层砖块的命中能力不同，这意味着一些砖块会在单次命中时破碎，一些会要求双次命中，一些会要求三次命中。
为了简化游戏的逻辑和用户界面，下面是砖块的类型:
青砖:需要三击才能破
粉色砖块:需要两击才能破
紫砖:需要三击才能破
先决条件:
要理解 Python 中构建砖块断路器游戏的代码，您应该知道以下概念:
除此之外，还需要对 Python 有全面的了解，这也可以从我们的免费教程系列中获得 学习 Python 。
打砖块游戏的代码
我们将在代码中创建 5 个类，类的名称是:
游戏对象
球
涉水
砖
比赛
所有这些类都有方法在各自的游戏元素上执行各种处理和操作。
让我们看看每个类的代码。
游戏对象类
这个类是所有其他类的父类，这意味着所有其他类都将继承这个类。
这个类的代码如下:
class GameObject(object):
def __init__(self, canvas, item):
self.canvas = canvas
self.item = item
def get_position(self):
return self.canvas.coords(self.item)
def move(self, x, y):
self.canvas.move(self.item, x, y)
def delete(self):
self.canvas.delete(self.item)
这个类具有处理构成游戏的不同对象的基本生命周期的功能。
球类
下面是 Ball 类的代码:
class Ball(GameObject):
def __init__(self, canvas, x, y):
self.radius = 10
self.direction = [1, -1]
# increase the below value to increase the speed of ball
self.speed = 5
item = canvas.create_oval(x-self.radius, y-self.radius,
x+self.radius, y+self.radius,
fill='white')
super(Ball, self).__init__(canvas, item)
def update(self):
coords = self.get_position()
width = self.canvas.winfo_width()
if coords[0] <= 0 or coords[2] >= width:
self.direction[0] *= -1
if coords[1] <= 0:
self.direction[1] *= -1
x = self.direction[0] * self.speed
y = self.direction[1] * self.speed
self.move(x, y)
def collide(self, game_objects):
coords = self.get_position()
x = (coords[0] + coords[2]) * 0.5
if len(game_objects) > 1:
self.direction[1] *= -1
elif len(game_objects) == 1:
game_object = game_objects[0]
coords = game_object.get_position()
if x > coords[2]:
self.direction[0] = 1
elif x < coords[0]:
self.direction[0] = -1
else:
self.direction[1] *= -1
for game_object in game_objects:
if isinstance(game_object, Brick):
game_object.hit()
在球类中，collide()方法用于处理碰撞，并在游戏类的 check _ conflicts()函数中使用。而update()功能是在失去生命后重置球对象，游戏重新开始。
桨类
以下是 Paddle 类的代码:
class Paddle(GameObject):
def __init__(self, canvas, x, y):
# set the shape and position of paddle
self.width = 80
self.height = 10
self.ball = None
item = canvas.create_rectangle(x - self.width / 2,
y - self.height / 2,
x + self.width / 2,
y + self.height / 2,
fill='#FFB643')
super(Paddle, self).__init__(canvas, item)
def set_ball(self, ball):
self.ball = ball
def move(self, offset):
coords = self.get_position()
width = self.canvas.winfo_width()
if coords[0] + offset >= 0 and coords[2] + offset <= width:
super(Paddle, self).move(offset, 0)
if self.ball is not None:
self.ball.move(offset, 0)
除了构造器之外，这个类中的move()方法也很重要，因为可以使桨运动。
砖块类
下面是 Brick 类的代码:
class Brick(GameObject):
COLORS = {1: '#4535AA', 2: '#ED639E', 3: '#8FE1A2'}
def __init__(self, canvas, x, y, hits):
self.width = 75
self.height = 20
self.hits = hits
color = Brick.COLORS[hits]
item = canvas.create_rectangle(x - self.width / 2,
y - self.height / 2,
x + self.width / 2,
y + self.height / 2,
fill=color, tags='brick')
super(Brick, self).__init__(canvas, item)
def hit(self):
self.hits -= 1
if self.hits == 0:
self.delete()
else:
self.canvas.itemconfig(self.item,
fill=Brick.COLORS[self.hits])
我们通过设置不同砖块类型的颜色来开始类定义。然后在构造器中，定义砖块的大小和位置。然后是hit()功能，处理砖块是会消失还是会承受打击，改变颜色承受下一次打击。
游戏课
这是控制一切的主类。下面是代码:
class Game(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
super(Game, self).__init__(master)
self.lives = 3
self.width = 610
self.height = 400
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, bg='#D6D1F5',
width=self.width,
height=self.height,)
self.canvas.pack()
self.pack()
self.items = {}
self.ball = None
self.paddle = Paddle(self.canvas, self.width/2, 326)
self.items[self.paddle.item] = self.paddle
# adding brick with different hit capacities - 3,2 and 1
for x in range(5, self.width - 5, 75):
self.add_brick(x + 37.5, 50, 3)
self.add_brick(x + 37.5, 70, 2)
self.add_brick(x + 37.5, 90, 1)
self.hud = None
self.setup_game()
self.canvas.focus_set()
self.canvas.bind('<Left>',
lambda _: self.paddle.move(-10))
self.canvas.bind('<Right>',
lambda _: self.paddle.move(10))
def setup_game(self):
self.add_ball()
self.update_lives_text()
self.text = self.draw_text(300, 200,
'Press Space to start')
self.canvas.bind('<space>', lambda _: self.start_game())
def add_ball(self):
if self.ball is not None:
self.ball.delete()
paddle_coords = self.paddle.get_position()
x = (paddle_coords[0] + paddle_coords[2]) * 0.5
self.ball = Ball(self.canvas, x, 310)
self.paddle.set_ball(self.ball)
def add_brick(self, x, y, hits):
brick = Brick(self.canvas, x, y, hits)
self.items[brick.item] = brick
def draw_text(self, x, y, text, size='40'):
font = ('Forte', size)
return self.canvas.create_text(x, y, text=text,
font=font)
def update_lives_text(self):
text = 'Lives: %s' % self.lives
if self.hud is None:
self.hud = self.draw_text(50, 20, text, 15)
else:
self.canvas.itemconfig(self.hud, text=text)
def start_game(self):
self.canvas.unbind('<space>')
self.canvas.delete(self.text)
self.paddle.ball = None
self.game_loop()
def game_loop(self):
self.check_collisions()
num_bricks = len(self.canvas.find_withtag('brick'))
if num_bricks == 0:
self.ball.speed = None
self.draw_text(300, 200, 'You win! You the Breaker of Bricks.')
elif self.ball.get_position()[3] >= self.height:
self.ball.speed = None
self.lives -= 1
if self.lives < 0:
self.draw_text(300, 200, 'You Lose! Game Over!')
else:
self.after(1000, self.setup_game)
else:
self.ball.update()
self.after(50, self.game_loop)
def check_collisions(self):
ball_coords = self.ball.get_position()
items = self.canvas.find_overlapping(*ball_coords)
objects = [self.items[x] for x in items if x in self.items]
self.ball.collide(objects)
在本课中，我们有以下内容:
我们定义了生命的数量，游戏的背景颜色，以及游戏窗口的其他样式。
游戏设置由这个类完成。
添加砖块，添加桨，球和文本是由这个类完成的。
对生活的处理由这个班负责。
开始游戏和运行游戏循环，也是在这堂课上完成的。
打砖块游戏的完整代码:
这是游戏的完整代码。
import tkinter as tk
class GameObject(object):
def __init__(self, canvas, item):
self.canvas = canvas
self.item = item
def get_position(self):
return self.canvas.coords(self.item)
def move(self, x, y):
self.canvas.move(self.item, x, y)
def delete(self):
self.canvas.delete(self.item)
class Ball(GameObject):
def __init__(self, canvas, x, y):
self.radius = 10
self.direction = [1, -1]
# increase the below value to increase the speed of ball
self.speed = 5
item = canvas.create_oval(x-self.radius, y-self.radius,
x+self.radius, y+self.radius,
fill='white')
super(Ball, self).__init__(canvas, item)
def update(self):
coords = self.get_position()
width = self.canvas.winfo_width()
if coords[0] <= 0 or coords[2] >= width:
self.direction[0] *= -1
if coords[1] <= 0:
self.direction[1] *= -1
x = self.direction[0] * self.speed
y = self.direction[1] * self.speed
self.move(x, y)
def collide(self, game_objects):
coords = self.get_position()
x = (coords[0] + coords[2]) * 0.5
if len(game_objects) > 1:
self.direction[1] *= -1
elif len(game_objects) == 1:
game_object = game_objects[0]
coords = game_object.get_position()
if x > coords[2]:
self.direction[0] = 1
elif x < coords[0]:
self.direction[0] = -1
else:
self.direction[1] *= -1
for game_object in game_objects:
if isinstance(game_object, Brick):
game_object.hit()
class Paddle(GameObject):
def __init__(self, canvas, x, y):
self.width = 80
self.height = 10
self.ball = None
item = canvas.create_rectangle(x - self.width / 2,
y - self.height / 2,
x + self.width / 2,
y + self.height / 2,
fill='#FFB643')
super(Paddle, self).__init__(canvas, item)
def set_ball(self, ball):
self.ball = ball
def move(self, offset):
coords = self.get_position()
width = self.canvas.winfo_width()
if coords[0] + offset >= 0 and coords[2] + offset <= width:
super(Paddle, self).move(offset, 0)
if self.ball is not None:
self.ball.move(offset, 0)
class Brick(GameObject):
COLORS = {1: '#4535AA', 2: '#ED639E', 3: '#8FE1A2'}
def __init__(self, canvas, x, y, hits):
self.width = 75
self.height = 20
self.hits = hits
color = Brick.COLORS[hits]
item = canvas.create_rectangle(x - self.width / 2,
y - self.height / 2,
x + self.width / 2,
y + self.height / 2,
fill=color, tags='brick')
super(Brick, self).__init__(canvas, item)
def hit(self):
self.hits -= 1
if self.hits == 0:
self.delete()
else:
self.canvas.itemconfig(self.item,
fill=Brick.COLORS[self.hits])
class Game(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
super(Game, self).__init__(master)
self.lives = 3
self.width = 610
self.height = 400
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, bg='#D6D1F5',
width=self.width,
height=self.height,)
self.canvas.pack()
self.pack()
self.items = {}
self.ball = None
self.paddle = Paddle(self.canvas, self.width/2, 326)
self.items[self.paddle.item] = self.paddle
# adding brick with different hit capacities - 3,2 and 1
for x in range(5, self.width - 5, 75):
self.add_brick(x + 37.5, 50, 3)
self.add_brick(x + 37.5, 70, 2)
self.add_brick(x + 37.5, 90, 1)
self.hud = None
self.setup_game()
self.canvas.focus_set()
self.canvas.bind('<Left>',
lambda _: self.paddle.move(-10))
self.canvas.bind('<Right>',
lambda _: self.paddle.move(10))
def setup_game(self):
self.add_ball()
self.update_lives_text()
self.text = self.draw_text(300, 200,
'Press Space to start')
self.canvas.bind('<space>', lambda _: self.start_game())
def add_ball(self):
if self.ball is not None:
self.ball.delete()
paddle_coords = self.paddle.get_position()
x = (paddle_coords[0] + paddle_coords[2]) * 0.5
self.ball = Ball(self.canvas, x, 310)
self.paddle.set_ball(self.ball)
def add_brick(self, x, y, hits):
brick = Brick(self.canvas, x, y, hits)
self.items[brick.item] = brick
def draw_text(self, x, y, text, size='40'):
font = ('Forte', size)
return self.canvas.create_text(x, y, text=text,
font=font)
def update_lives_text(self):
text = 'Lives: %s' % self.lives
if self.hud is None:
self.hud = self.draw_text(50, 20, text, 15)
else:
self.canvas.itemconfig(self.hud, text=text)
def start_game(self):
self.canvas.unbind('<space>')
self.canvas.delete(self.text)
self.paddle.ball = None
self.game_loop()
def game_loop(self):
self.check_collisions()
num_bricks = len(self.canvas.find_withtag('brick'))
if num_bricks == 0:
self.ball.speed = None
self.draw_text(300, 200, 'You win! You the Breaker of Bricks.')
elif self.ball.get_position()[3] >= self.height:
self.ball.speed = None
self.lives -= 1
if self.lives < 0:
self.draw_text(300, 200, 'You Lose! Game Over!')
else:
self.after(1000, self.setup_game)
else:
self.ball.update()
self.after(50, self.game_loop)
def check_collisions(self):
ball_coords = self.ball.get_position()
items = self.canvas.find_overlapping(*ball_coords)
objects = [self.items[x] for x in items if x in self.items]
self.ball.collide(objects)
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('Break those Bricks!')
game = Game(root)
game.mainloop()
要运行游戏，您必须安装 Tkinter 模块。将上面给出的代码保存在一个有名字的文件中，比如说碎砖工. py 文件。然后要运行代码，请执行以下命令:
python brick-breaker.py
打砖块游戏界面:
以下是游戏外观的一些快照。
当玩家赢得游戏时:
当玩家输掉游戏时:
至此，本教程结束。希望游戏对你来说没问题。我们建议您编辑和定制代码，使游戏更好。尝试为游戏添加更多功能。